Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulse Pressure and the Pulsatile Variation in Cerebral Blood Volume: An Experimental Study in Dogs

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Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure (CSFPP) has found application as a measure of intracranial elastance. However, CSFPP is also dependent on the magnitude of the pulsatile variation in cerebral blood volume (ΔVb), The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect on ΔVb of changes in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) as well as elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Therefore, ΔVb was computed from the electromagnetically measured flow profile in the vertebral artery of the dog on the assumption of a nonpulsatile cerebral venous outflow. During arterial hypotension, ΔVb was increased due to a shift of flow from diastole to systole, whereas mean flow was not affected. The reverse phenomenon was observed when SAP was raised. Changes in PaCO2 had little effect on pulsatile blood flow. The changes in total blood flow that occurred were evenly distributed over the cardiac cycle. Consequently, ΔVb was not significantly affected, although CSFPP was considerably changed. When ICP was raised, a breakpoint pressure was observed above which cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased and CSFPP and ΔVb increased. This contradiction was explained by the finding of a decrease in diastolic flow, causing the fall in CBF, whereas systolic flow relative to mean flow was increased, resulting in an increased ΔVb. The underlying mechanisms of the pulsatile flow changes are extensively discussed. It is argued that the arterial inflow profile is largely determined by the compliance of the inflow section of the cerebral vascular bed. Vascular compliance is significantly altered by changes in SAP and ICP because they affect the transmural pressure of the vessels, whereas this is not the case during changes in PaCO2.

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