Defective preprogramming does not account for the clinical deficits of Parkinson's disease

Abstract
Latash & Anson argue that changed motor patterns should not be viewed as pathological. Instead, they should be viewed as adaptations to a primary deficit. We argue that the evidence shows: (1) bradykinesia is not an adaptation to a different primary deficit, and (2) bradykinetic movements are not “normal” slowed movements but, to the contrary, bradykinesia is part of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.