Relationship of changes in interleukin‐8 levels and granulocyte elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid to subgingival periodontopathogens followingnon‐surgical periodontal therapy in subjects with chronic periodontitis

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Abstract
Objectives: To determine the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the interrelations of subgingival periodontopathogens and both interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and granulocyte elastase activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to assess their relations to the short‐term treatment response in management of chronic periodontitis.Material and methods: GCF and subgingival plaque were collected from 16 subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis at baseline and 4 weeks after SRP. IL‐8 levels were determined by ELISA. Granulocyte elastase activity was analyzed with a specific substrate, pGluProVal‐pNA, and the maximal rate of elastase activity (MR‐EA) was calculated. 5 DNA‐probes were used to detect the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.), B. forsythus (B.f.), P. gingivalis (P.g.), P. intermedia (P.i.), and T. denticola (T.d.), with a sensitivity = 103 cells/paper point.Results: IL‐8 and MR‐EA levels in GCF decreased significantly after SRP (p < 0.001) with a corresponding reduction of total count of the species. Of the sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5.0 mm and co‐infection by B.f., P.g., P.i. & T.d. at baseline, the sites without persistent co‐infection of these species after SRP exhibited a significant reduction of IL‐8 levels (p < 0.02), MR‐EA levels (p < 0.02) and PD (p < 0.01). No such change was found in the sites where such a co‐infection persisted. Moreover, reduction of IL‐8 levels in those pocket sites was accompanied by a concomitant reduction of MR‐EA (p < 0.02) and PD (p < 0.01), while no significant change in MR‐EA levels and PD was noted in those pocket sites that exhibited an increase of IL‐8 levels after SRP. At baseline, the former group of sites showed significantly higher IL‐8 levels than the latter group of sites (p < 0.02).Conclusions: IL‐8‐related granulocyte elastase activity was related to the change in infection patterns of the target periodontopathogens following scaling and root planing. Varying initial IL‐8 levels in GCF and a corresponding shifting change of granulocyte elastase activity in GCF may characterize the different short‐term treatment responses.

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