Growth and Excitation of Electrohydrodynamic Surface Waves

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Abstract
Waves on the surface of a capillary liquid jet stressed by a steady applied electric field will grow in space if the velocity of the jet is supercapillary. Experimental measurements of this growth rate confirm previous theoretical discussions. The excitation of these waves by means of an applied electric field with steady and time varying components is also studied theoretically, and the frequency response is found to depend on both the shape of the electrodes and on the convective growth of the waves due to the steady component of the field. The predictions of this theory are confirmed by measurements on a water jet.

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