BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PARA-XYLENE TO A TOXIC ALDEHYDE

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  • 1 January 1978
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 6  (4) , 368-374
Abstract
Rats given a single i.p. injection of p-xylene suffered 65% loss of pulmonary microsomal p-xylene hydroxylase activity. The activity was protected by pretreating the rats with phenobarbital, which increased hepatic p-xylene hydroxylase and cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, but had no effect on alcohol dehydrogenase activity in hepatic cytosol. Pretreatment of rats with pyrazole caused a 60% inhibition of liver alcohol dehydrogenase but had no effect on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. This treatment partially protected the pulmonary microsomal p-xylene hydroxylase from inactivation by p-xylene. Inactivation of cytochrome P-450 by p-xylene required the metabolic conversion of p-xylene to p-tolualdehyde. The reactive intermediate (p-tolualdehyde) required the presence of NADPH to carry out the inactivation. Inasmuch as lung tissues cannot form p-tolualdehyde (because of the low activity of p-methylbenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase), the inactivation of lung enzymes in vivo following exposure to p-xylene apparently was due to the aldehyde intermediate which is formed in the liver and transported to the lung.

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