Process of failure in ice

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Abstract
Information is presented on the failure behavior of columnar-grained ice during compressive creep and constant strain rate tests. The role of crack formation in establishing the failure condition is briefly described. Breakdown of structure is responsible for a marked change in the creep behavior of ice in the stress range of 10 to 12 kg/cm2. A ductile-to-brittle transition is observed at a strain rate of about 5 × 10−3 min−1. The upper yield stress in constant strain rate tests is shown to increase with increase in rate of strain up to the ductile-to-brittle transition.

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