Impact resistance of three soils under varying moisture and subzero temperature conditions

Abstract
Impact resistance, the deceleration-time response of a moving body upon impact with a surface, can be used to measure the hardness of a soil surface. A simple method for measuring impact resistance is presented. Impact resistance of three soils (Preston sand, Haldimand clay, and Guelph loam) was measured over a range of moisture and subzero temperature conditions. Impact resistance of frozen soil was found to increase with increasing moisture content, decreasing temperature, and increasing particle diameter. Temperature effects on impact resistance were minimal below −4 °C. Under field conditions, increased impact resistance due to increased particle diameter may be compensated for by reduced moisture content. Key words: density, dynamic loading, grain size, soil strength, sports fields.

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