Abstract
The genus Rhynchosciara is divided into 3 groups: a) the americana group, in which are included americana (Wiedemann), baschanti Breuer, villosa Rübsaamen, argentiniensis Lengersdorf and guimaraesi, sp. n.; b) the milleri group, containing milleri Pavan & Breuer, and grelleti sp. n.; c) the mathildae group, with brevicornis Rübsaamen, busaccai, sp. n., and mathildae, sp. n.. Four species of Walker (cognata, precipua, primogenita and propinqua) are considered species inquirendae.

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