The Routine Use of Higher Volumes of Contrast Material to Improve Intravenous Urography

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Abstract
The use of higher volumes of contrast material improves the quality of intravenous urograms significantly. The frequency of excellent and good urograms is increased from about 65% in standard-volume examinations to about 95% in high-volume studies. The technic is justified, because it greatly increases the diagnostic accuracy of the examination and reduces the need for retrograde pyelography with its attendant hazards. The frequency of side-effects is slightly increased, but these are minimal in degree and well tolerated.