Sensitisation to Swine Leukocyte Antigens in Patients with Broadly Reactive HLA Specific Antibodies

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Abstract
We have previously shown that IgG HLA specific antibodies in the sera of highly sensitised patients awaiting renal transplantation can cross‐react with swine leukocyte antigens (SLA). In this study we determined the frequency of patient serum IgG HLA specific antibody binding to a porcine lymphocyte panel and the likelihood of locating a cross‐match negative pig donor for sensitised patients. Serum samples (n = 82) were obtained from 35 sensitised [current IgG panel reactive antibodies (PRA) > 10%] and seven nonsensitised patients awaiting renal transplantation at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. Fifty sera had IgG HLA specific PRA of 11–84%, 20 had IgG PRA of > 84% and 12 had 0% PRA (negative controls). Sera were absorbed with porcine erythrocytes to remove xenoreactive natural antibodies and tested for cross‐reactive IgG HLA specific antibody binding by flow cytometry against a panel of porcine lymphocytes obtained from 23 human decay accelerating factor (hDAF) transgenic pigs. A total of 1884 cross‐match combinations were tested and 369 (20%) gave a positive porcine lymphocyte cross‐match. For sera from sensitised patients with IgG PRA (11–64%), only 6 of 805 (0.75%) cross‐match tests were positive. In contrast, for sera from patients with high IgG PRA (> 64%), 363 of 805 (45%) cross‐match tests were positive (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the frequency of positive cross‐matches between patient sera with IgG PRA 65–84% and highly sensitised patient sera with IgG PRA 85–100% [156/345 (45%) vs. 207/460 (45%)]. This study demonstrates that only patient sera with broadly reactive IgG HLA specific PRA (> 64%) cross‐react with porcine lymphocytes. If future clinical trials of xenotransplantation are undertaken, it may be of value to select a cross‐match‐negative pig organ donor for such patients.