The effects of organic pollution on benthic organisms near Marseille

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Abstract
A quantitative survey of sublittoral marine organisms was carried out in polluted and unpolluted waters near Marseille (France). Samples from rocky substrates indicate that organic pollution effects have not decreased since earlier surveys. Studies of beds of Posidonia oceanica, the dominant Mediterranean sea grass, show that its biomass is low in the polluted Gulf of Marseille compared with that in unpolluted bays near Marseille and with data from Malta. Crops were particularly low in shallow water to 15m where it is suggested that grazing by echinoids, whose numbers are probably encouraged by high levels of organic material, could be an important factor limiting growth, as well as other factors such as low underwater irradiance and detergent toxicity. Along the most polluted coastline near the main sewer outlet at Cortiou, Posidonia was absent and is probably excluded by indirect and direct effects of the effluent. The decline of these sea grass beds has serious implications for sediment stability and the survival of associated biota.