Barley Yellow Dwarf in California: Vector Competence and Luteovirus Identification

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Abstract
Samples of small grains collected in 1981 from 8 counties in California [USA] were tested by aphid transmission and by enzyme-immunosorbent assays for luteoviruses that cause barley yellow dwarf. California isolates were compared with 3 previously characterized in New York: RPV, MAV, and PAV. Of 128 plants sampled, 75% were infected by luteoviruses similar to PAV, 19% by viruses similar to MAV, and 6% by RPV-like luteoviruses. When clones of aphids collected in California were compared with those from New York for transmission of 5 virus isolates, no difference in vector competence occurred among clones of Rhopalosiphum padi. Two California clones of Metopolophium dirhodum efficiently transmitted MAV and PAV but not a California luteovirus similar to PAV (Ca-PAV). Both California and New York clones of Sitobion avenae transmitted MAV and PAV, but California S. avenae transmitted Ca-PAV less efficiently than PAV. Differences in tolerance to infection by 3 luteoviruses from California occurred in some varieties of barley and oats.