Introduction The neuropathological sequelae of feeding lipids high in linoleic acid in the absence of a satisfactory antioxidant (α-tocopherol) were discussed in the preceding report,1 in which the feeding of corn oil or cottonseed oil was shown to increase the need for tocopherol. The relative tocopherol deficiency led to the production of gross cerebellar hemorrhages in the chick within two to four weeks. These vascular changes are preceded by shrinkage and disappearance of the Purkinje cells, and proliferation of the endothelium of the capillaries. This paper will record a similar finding in the brain of an infant that had been given a commercial cottonseed oil preparation intravenously for 19 days, prior to her death, in order to combat a severe state of inanition that developed as a consequence of a rapidly growing abdominal tumor mass. This observation becomes significant in the light of the new knowledge of the mechanisms