Effects of particle trapping on ion-cyclotron resonance heating in a toroidal plasma

Abstract
The effect of particle trapping on the velocity space diffusion caused by ion‐cyclotron resonance heating is considered. A bounce‐averaged Fokker–Planck equation is derived, which determines the distribution function of the heated ions. Trapped particle effects lead to significant changes in the rf‐driven diffusion operator as compared to previously used models.