Multi-point feedback control system for scanned, focused ultrasound hyperthermia

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Abstract
The authors' results from the in vitro and in vivo kidney preparations with blood perfusion changes introduced purposely, and from in vivo canine thighs having blood perfusion changes resulting from thermally induced vasodilation demonstrate the following. First, a multi-input, multi-output, distributed parameter hyperthermia system can be controlled as a set of decoupled, single-input, single-output, non-distributed systems using the multi-point controller described. Second, that the multi-point controller appears to be quite robust, and can successfully compensate for both changes in reference temperature and blood perfusion, the two major variables in hyperthermia treatments. Third, the multi-blood controller can successfully create a relatively uniform plateau of controlled therapeutic temperatures inside the scanned region, with a rapid temperature fall off outside that volume.

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