Abnormal immunoreactivity of the E‐cadherin/catenin (α‐, β‐, and γ‐) complex in premalignant and malignant non‐melanocytic skin tumours

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Abstract
E-cadherin/catenin (α-, β-, and γ-) complex plays a critical role in the control of epithelial differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the immunoreactivity of E-cadherin and α-, β-, and γ-catenins in premalignant and malignant non-melanocytic skin tumours (NMST) and to correlate their expression with the grade of tumour differentiation, as assessed by the established histopathological criteria and by the Ki-67 index. Benign NMSTs were also studied. To investigate any possible influence of immunosuppression in the expression of E-cadherin and catenins, the study compared tumours obtained from renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and immunocompetent patients. Immunoperoxidase staining of E-cadherin and α-, β-, and γ-catenins was performed in 42 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (26 from RTRs and 16 from non-RTRs), 30 lesions of Bowen's disease (11 from RTRs and 19 from non-RTRs), 11 atypical squamoproliferative lesions from RTRs, 19 actinic keratoses (9 from RTRs and 10 from non-RTRs), and 20 viral warts from RTRs. The findings of this study were as follows. Firstly, the probability of abnormal expression of E-cadherin and α-, β-, and γ-catenins increased from benign to premalignant and malignant NMSTs (pp40%) Ki-67 index than in those with a low Ki-67 index (p=0.003). However, only the abnormal expression of γ-catenin increased with the grade of SCC differentiation (p=0.008). Fourthly, abnormal expression of γ-catenin predicted a high proliferation index (Ki-67 index 40%) in NMSTs (p<0.01, OR=6.19). Finally, there was no difference in the abnormal expression of E-cadherin and catenins between NMSTs from immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients. Thus, abnormal expression of the E-cadherin/catenin complex was quite common in SCC and Bowen's disease and also in a proportion of intraepithelial dysplastic lesions, such as atypical squamoproliferative lesions and actinic keratosis, suggesting that these changes may be early indicators of the neoplastic process. Abnormal expression of γ-catenin was the sole predictor of high proliferation in NMST and was also correlated with the tumour grade, suggesting a possible important role for γ-catenin in tumourigenesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.