Peptide Hormone Antagonists That Are Effective in Vivo

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Abstract
Since the first synthesis of a peptide hormone—oxytocin — by du Vigneaud and coworkers in 1953,1 selective modification of hormonal structure has become a powerful research tool in endocrinology. By studying the relation between the structure and the activity of various peptide hormones, investigators can sometimes generate fragments or analogues that have advantageous properties, such as increased potency, prolonged action, increased stability, greater selectivity within the spectrum of biologic activity of a given hormone, or antagonism of hormonal action. Peptide hormone antagonists that are effective in vivo are uniquely precise tools for biomedical research. They can be used to determine . . .