We extend our earlier Langevin treatment of the dynamics of interacting Brownian particles to include hydrodynamic interactions, couplings of the particles' motions transmitted through the solvent. We consider the short-time behaviours of the self and full dynamic structure factors and a particle's mean-square displacement. Effects due to the finite propagation time of hydrodynamic interactions (‘long-time tails’) are also discussed briefly. Finally, experimental measurements of the short-time self-diffusion coefficient of a particle in a concentrated suspension are reported. In agreement with recent theories, these experiments demonstrate the importance of irreducible many-particle effects.