Morphology and Histology of the Poison Glands and Sting of the Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis Saevissima V. Richteri Forel)1

Abstract
The main poison gland consists of four principal areas: the poison sac, the poison filter, a convoluted, granular area of polygonal cells, and a free glandular area of cuboidal cells. A second gland, termed Dufour's gland, consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells lining a thin intima. The skeletomuscular apparatus of the sting is described. A pair of fulcral arms support the bulb and stylet, holding the sting bulb in its horizontal, retracted position and acting as pivots for ventral deflection of the sting. Supporting rami muscles present in the honey bee are absent here; instead, the rami bear sensory pegs at the point of origin of these muscles. Both the main poison sac and Dufour's gland open into the posion bulb (ninth venter). This is also true in the honey bee, where the accessory gland does not open into the sting chamber (seventh venter) as has been reported. A pair of muscles control the flow of venom from the main poison sac. The gonostyli are believed to be sensory in function. The relation of the glands to the two-phase analysis of the venom, the “trail-following substance,” and the crop fluid is discussed.