Phonocardiography in the Horse: 1. The Intracardiac Phonocardiogram

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Abstract
Using microtransducers, the intracardiac phonocardiogram was recorded in 8 horses from the right heart and in 6 also in the left side. All 4 heart sounds were recorded but not in all sites. Their timing was related to pressure events. Systolic ejection murmurs were recorded in the pulmonary artery and aorta. Diastolic murmurs were recorded in 2 horses with aortic regurgitation, with maximum amplitude in the left ventricle. The findings were similar to those reported in man and agree with current concepts on heart sound production.

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