Plant remains and early farming in Jericho 1

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Abstract
Excavations in the Middle East and Asia Minor since 1950 have brought to light cereals from the Pre-Pottery settlement layers which go back to the beginning of farming. Both barley and hulled wheats were found. Similar observations have been made with wheat. In Jarmo Helbaek found a hulled wheat closely related to Triticum dicoccoides as well as T. dicoccum, and in Ali Kosh, Beidha and Hacilar there was also emmer. Of the hulled wheats the oldest period yielded only two single grains of emmer, Triticum dicoccum. Emmer alters on carbonizing, in contrast to einkorn, so that the upper half swells up and it becomes drop-shaped, as was found in all the settlement phases at Jericho. On the basis of the finds described, cultivation in Jericho during the Pre-Pottery A phase could possibly be traced to the taking into cultivation of native wild plants.

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