A Transcription Factor Cascade Involving Fep1 and the CCAAT-Binding Factor Php4 Regulates Gene Expression in Response to Iron Deficiency in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

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Abstract
We have identified genes encoding candidate proteins involved in iron storage (pcl1+), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (sdh4+), and iron-sulfur cluster assembly (isa1+) that are negatively regulated in response to iron deprivation. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis permitted identification of a new cis-regulatory element in the promoter region of the pcl1+ gene. This cis-acting regulatory sequence containing the pentanucleotide sequence CCAAT is responsible for transcriptional repression of pcl1+ under low iron supply conditions. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the CCAAT-binding factor is a heteromeric DNA-binding complex that contains three subunits, designated Php2, Php3, and Php5. Inactivation of the php2+ locus negatively affects the transcriptional competency of pcl1+. A fourth subunit, designated Php4, is not essential for the transcriptional activation of target genes under basal and iron-replete conditions. We demonstrate that, in response to iron-limiting conditions, Php4 is required for down-regulation of pcl1+, sdh4+, and isa1+ mRNA levels. In vivo RNase protection studies reveal that the expression of php4+ is negatively regulated by iron and that this regulated expression requires a functional fep1+ gene. The results of these studies reveal that Fep1 represses php4+ expression in response to iron. In contrast, when iron is scarce, Fep1 becomes inactive and php4+ is expressed to act as a regulatory subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor that is required to block pcl1+, sdh4+, and isa1+ gene transcription.