Effects of High Doses of Vitamin D3 and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3in Lactating Rats on Milk Composition and Calcium Homeostasis of the Suckling Pups*

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Abstract
Changes in serum Ca and phosphorus and in kidney Ca were determined in lactating rats and their suckling pups after the mothers received high doses of vitamin D3 or 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]. High dietary vitamin D3 intake (300 IU/g diet) or daily oral doses of vitamin D3 (1 μg/g BW) to vitamin D-replete (+D) lactating rats for 8 or 12 days caused significant increases in serum Ca in the mothers (1–2 mg/dl) and in their suckling pups (1.5 mg/dl). Daily oral doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (2 ng/g BW) to +D lactating rats caused a similar increase in serum Ca in the mothers, but did not affect the serum Ca of the pups. The administration of a high dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to vitamin D-deficient lactating rats or high doses of vitamin D3 to +D rats, caused no change in milk Ca, Mg, or phosphorus. Milk from +D rats given high doses of [3H]vitamin D3 (1 μg/g BW) contained mostly [3H]vitamin D3 (85%) and a small amount of [3H]25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (6%). The results indicate that high doses of vitamin D3, but not 1,25-(OH)2D3, given to +D lactating rats can cause hypercalcemia in the suckling pups. The hypercalcemic effect on the pups observed after vitamin D3 treatment of the mother is probably a result of transport of toxic amounts of primarily vitamin D3 into the milk and is not due to altered mineral composition of the milk.