Josephson effects in a constricted Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O bulk superconductor

Abstract
The current-voltage characteristics for a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O bulk specimen incorporating a manually carved constriction show both zero-voltage and finite-voltage pair currents, flux flow and quasi-particle tunnelling regimes. The finite voltage pair current regime may be understood to arise due to non-equilibrium enhancement of Josephson supercurrents. The pair current amplitude modulates with applied DC magnetic fields. Microwave-induced Shapiro steps are clearly seen in the I-V curves. The Josephson effects arise due to the presence of three-dimensional arrays of inter-grain junctions.

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