United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, 30

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Abstract
THE UNITED Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) is a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of therapy in patients with newly diagnosed non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) that aims to determine whether improved blood glucose control will prevent microvascular and macrovascular morbidity and mortality and whether any specific therapy is advantageous or disadvantageous. Details of the study design and randomization have been described previously.1,2 In brief, patients with newly diagnosed NIDDM were treated for 3 months with diet only, and if the fasting plasma glucose level was not adequately controlled at the end of this time, were randomized into treatment by diet only, oral agents, sulfonylureas (chlorpropamide, glyburide, or glipizide), or insulin. In addition, obese patients (≥120% of ideal body weight) were also randomized to be treated with the biguanide agent metformin. The study started in 1977, and retinal photography was included during 1983.