Verapamil potentiation of melphalan cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in murine fibrosarcoma and bone marrow

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Abstract
Growth delay by melphalan of two fibrosarcomas in CBA mice was prolonged by intraperitoneal (i.p.) verapamil, 10 mg kg-1. Verapamil also increased the area under the blood concentration time curve and the gastrointestinal toxicity of melphalan. Verapamil promoted melphalan cytotoxicity to murine bone marrow both in vivo, by CFU-S assay, and in vitro, by CFU-GM assay. In 1 microgram ml-1 [14C]-melphalan, verapamil (10 micrograms ml-1) increased by 1.5 times the [14C]-melphalan accumulation by murine bone marrow, reversibly and independently of external calcium. Efflux of [14C]-melphalan from murine bone marrow was retarded by verapamil. Verapamil increased [14C]-melphalan uptake by disaggregated fibrosarcoma cells but had no effect on melphalan accumulation and cytotoxicity in human bone marrow. Although verapamil affected melphalan pharmacokinetics, enhancement of cellular melphalan uptake by verapamil in murine fibrosarcoma and bone marrow appeared to account for much of the increase in melphalan cytotoxicity. The lack of potentiation of melphalan by verapamil in human marrow suggests differences in melphalan transport or in verapamil membrane interactions in mouse and man.