Continued morphine modulation of calcium channel currents in acutely isolated locus coeruleus neurons from morphine‐dependent rats

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Abstract
1. The actions of the opioid agonists morphine and methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) on the calcium channel currents (IBa) of acutely isolated locus coeruleus (LC) neurons from morphine-dependent and vehicle-treated rats were examined using whole cell patch clamp techniques. 2. In LC neurons maintained in 5 microM morphine, co-superfusion of naloxone (1 microM) or the mu-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 1 microM) with morphine resulted in a significant increase in the amplitude of IBa. The increases in IBa were not different in neurons from morphine-dependent or vehicle rats. The increase in IBa was mimicked by washing off morphine, but not by co-superfusion of the kappa-receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (300 nM) or the delta-receptor antagonist ICI-174864 (1 microM). 3. In spontaneously withdrawn LC neurons from morphine-dependent rats, met-enkephalin (pD2 7.1, maximum inhibition 49%) and morphine (pD2 6.5, maximum inhibition 33%), inhibited IBa in all cells. In cells from vehicle rats the pD2 for met-enkephalin was 7.3, maximum inhibition 52%, while the pD2 for morphine was 6.6 and the maximum inhibition 43% (P<0.05 versus cells from morphine-dependent rats). 4. IBa in LC neurons was mostly comprised of omega-conotoxin GVIA- (N-type) and omega-agatoxin IVA- (P/Q-type) sensitive components, with lesser amounts of nimodipine-sensitive current and current resistant to all three blockers. Neither the density of IBa nor the proportion of any of the components of IBa differed between neurons from morphine-dependent or vehicle-treated rats. 5. This study demonstrates that in morphine-dependent rats, morphine and met-enkephalin modulation of somatic IBa in LC neurons displays modest tolerance compared with untreated rats. Further, chronic morphine treatment does not alter the type or density of IBa in LC neurons. These results provide more evidence that functional mu-opioid receptor coupling is not dramatically altered in the LC in morphine-dependent rats.