Chromosomal evolution inCallithrix emiliae

Abstract
We studied the karyotype of specimens ofCallithrix emiliae (Callithricidae, Primates) from Rondonia, Brazil. Comparison with the karyotype ofCallithrix jacchus showed that, even though these two species show many karyotypic similarities, they differ by a Robertsonian translocation, a paracentric inversion and large-scale addition of heterochromatin. TheC. emiliae species appears to be in an active phase of chromosome evolution by the addition of constitutive heterochromatin.