Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of scales in Katodinium rotundatum (Lohmann) Loeblich (Dinophyceae)

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Abstract
The unarmoured dinoflagellate Katodinium rotundatum possesses organic body scales almost identical to those of Heterocapsa triquetra, an armoured dinoflagellate. Scale formation takes place in the periphery of the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi cisternae forming moulds in which scale precursors are assembled. Microfilaments are associated with the base of the mould. The mature scale is transported within its vesicle and released into the canal of the transverse flagellum. Microtubules are associated with the scale containing vesicle in this area and are thought to play a role in transporting and/or guiding the scales to their point of release.