Pitch of complex signals according to virtual-pitch theory: Tests, examples, and predictions

Abstract
The pitch-extraction algorithm described by Terhardt et al. is used to compute a number of examples to test the procedure''s validity, and to illustrate its applicability. The following subjects are considered: pitch of harmonic complex tones (with and without fundamental); existence region of virtual pitch; Shepard pitch phenomenon; virtual pitch of inharmonic complex tones; spectral dominance; effect of amplitude spectrum on pitch; pitch of bell sounds; and tonal evaluation of musical chords. The algorithm''s predictions agree well with psychoacoustic observations; it apparently can be useful in audio-engineering and [human] psychoacoustic research.

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