Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human macrophages inhibits interferon-γ-induced bacteriostasis but does not abrogate toxoplasmastasis

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Abstract
Induction of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) by IFN‐γ results in growth inhibition of Toxoplasma and Chlamydia spp. as well as tumor cells. This is caused by the degradation, and therefore depletion, of L‐tryptophan necessary for cell protein synthesis. Human macrophages stimulated with IFN‐γ express IDO and inhibit the growth of intracellular toxoplasma and chlamydia as well as that of extracellular bacteria such as group B streptococci. Here we describe experiments in which the L‐tryptophan analog, 6‐chloro‐DL‐tryptophan (CDLT) caused a dose‐dependent inhibition in the IFN‐γ‐induced IDO‐mediated L‐tryptophan degradation in monocyte‐derived macrophages and glioblastoma cells. An inhibition of IDO activity of up to 80 % was observed at concentrations of CDLT of 750 μM. Expression of IDO at this concentration, as shown by Northern blot analysis, was unimpaired. This inhibition of IDO was coupled in glioblastoma cells by a complete abrogation of the IFN‐γ‐induced toxoplasmastasis in these cells. IDO inhibition by CDLT in human macrophages resulted in a complete abrogation of the IFN‐γ‐induced growth inhibition of streptococci and staphylococci. In contrast to this, IFN‐γ‐induced toxoplasmastasis was not inhibited in human macrophages by CDLT‐mediated IDO inhibition.