Precipitation Chemistry and Chemical Limnology of Fertilized and Natural Lakes at Saqvaqjuac, N.W.T.

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Abstract
Precipitation at Saqvaqjuac (northwest coast of Hudson Bay, 60°39′N) had high concentrations of sea salts, was moderately acidic, and had less SO4and total N than lower latitude precipitation, although SO4sources were distant. Watershed retention was high for H+, but negative for other elements as a consequence of isostatic rebound. Annual element runoff was a function of the timing of melt runoff and summer rain events because of permafrost. Lake retention of Si was higher than P because of the different times of loading, late summer versus spring. Conservative element mass did not change overwinter except in low-elevation Spring Lake, where residual Cl, Na, and K diffused from the sediments. Phosphorus and N were the only elements incorporated into black ice. As a result of freezeout and incomplete meltwater mixing beneath lake ice, element concentrations were 1.6 times higher in lakes than inflows, and major ion turnover times were 1.5–2.0 times higher than water turnover times.