The effect of knee braces on lateral impact loading of the knee

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Abstract
Disruption of the medial supporting structures of the knee occurs commonly in contact sports such as Amer ican football and lacrosse. A limited number of clinical and laboratory studies currently document the effec tiveness of bracing. The purpose of this project was to determine if commercially available bracing could be shown to produce objective evidence of medial stabili zation of the knee. Our model involves the use of a cadaver lower extremity with a fixed foot and sus pended femur with a free knee and a lateral impact load applied simulating a clipping injury. Force transducers were placed on the ACL and medial collateral ligament (MCL) and an electrogoniometer was attached to the extremity. The prophylactic braces studied had a limited capac ity to protect the MCL from direct lateral stress with the knee in full extension. In flexion or with a change in direction of the load, the protective effect is greatly reduced. The functional braces had a capacity to limit abduction and rotational stresses on the MCL in flexion and extension.

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