Cities in a Global Economy: Structural Change and Policy Reactions

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Abstract
Although economic issues have been featured significantly in the urban literature since Habitat I in 1976, they have usually been related to sector issues or to applications in urban microeconomic analysis. At the mid stage between Habitat I and Habitat II, urban specialists increasingly made reference to broad changes in the international economy, but without recourse to research programmes in structural-spatial change. A useful example of the position in 1987 with generalised commentary upon the relevance of structural change is the collection of chapters in Lloyd Rodwin's Shelter, Settlement and Development. Since 1987 appreciation of the significance of international structural-spatial change has gradually deepened, especially because the new urban agenda in UNCHS and World Bank policies heightens the relevance of urban development in contributing to long-term growth. This appreciation of significance was taken a step further in the Symposium: The Management of Cities During Structural Adjustment, Bombay, 12-14 October 1995, organised by the Development Planning Unit of University College London and Bombay First. This provided a context for Habitat II, and though the UNCHS paper to the Istanbul conference was rather sparse on urban economic issues, the subsequent global report of Habitat II has appreciation of urban economies.

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