Interleukin‐8 Secretion of Human Epithelial and Monocytic Cell Lines Induced by Middle Ear Pathogens

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Abstract
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common diseases in children. Alloiococcus otitidis, a new Gram‐positive bacterial species, was isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with OME; however, the pathogenic role of this bacteria is yet unknown. In this study, the ability of cultured epithelial cell lines (Hep‐2 and Hela) and monocytic cell lines (THP‐1 and U 937) to secrete chemokine interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in response to the A. otitidis organism and three bacterial organisms mainly detected from middle ear fluid in OME, and bacterial cell components was investigated. When stimulated with four viable bacterial cells, epithelial cells and monocytes secreted IL‐8 in a time‐dependent manner. The monocytes produced significantly higher levels of IL‐8 than the epithelial cells. Compared with that by viable bacterial cells, IL‐8 secretion by stimulated epithelial cells and monocytes was reduced when the bacteria were heated and treated with glutaraldehyde. With bacterial stimulations, cell treatment of interferon‐gamma caused monocytes to increase the induction of IL‐8 production, however, the induction of monocyte differentiation caused monocytes to reduce the induction of IL‐8 production. Furthermore, epithelial cells and monocytes stimulated by four viable bacterial organisms physically separated from cultured cells reduced the induction of IL‐8 compared with directly stimulated cells, and monocytes stimulated with soluble extracts prepared from A. otitidis organisms produced IL‐8 in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that part of the IL‐8 stimulation of the A. otitidis organism may exist in a diffusable factor released by the bacteria or soluble components of the bacteria itself.