Stability and Structure of MgSiO 3 Perovskite to 2300-Kilometer Depth in Earth's Mantle

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Abstract
Unexplained features have been observed seismically near the middle (∼1700-kilometer depth) and bottom of the Earth's lower mantle, and these could have important implications for the dynamics and evolution of the planet. (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite is expected to be the dominant mineral in the deep mantle, but experimental results are discrepant regarding its stability and structure. Here we report in situ x-ray diffraction observations of (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite at conditions (50 to 106 gigapascals, 1600 to 2400 kelvin) close to a mantle geotherm from three different starting materials, (Mg 0.9 Fe 0.1 )SiO enstatite, MgSiO 3 glass, and an MgO+SiO 2 mixture. Our results confirm the stability of (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 perovskite to at least 2300-kilometer depth in the mantle. However, diffraction patterns above 83 gigapascals and 1700 kelvin (1900-kilometer depth) cannot presently rule out a possible transformation from Pbnm perovskite to one of three other possible perovskite structures with space group P 2 1 / m , Pmmn , or P 4 2 / nmc .