Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress IFNα-induced up-regulation of promyelocytic leukemia protein

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Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs), the structural domains of the eukaryotic cell nucleus, play a role in cancer and apoptosis, and their involvement in antiviral mechanisms mediated by interferons (IFNs) is proposed. IFNs dramatically increase the transcription of the PML gene. In this study, we have shown that the response of 2 structural PML NB components, PML and Sp100, to interferon-α (IFNα) was suppressed in cells simultaneously treated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (trichostatin A, sodium butyrate, MS-275, SAHA, and valproic acid). Trichostatin A (TSA) blocked the increase of PML NB number and suppressed up-regulation of PML mRNA and protein levels in several human cell lines and in normal diploid skin fibroblasts. Moreover, IFNα induction of IRF-1 was also inhibited by TSA, although incompletely. Analysis of cellular fractions did not show any defects in cytoplasmic-nuclear transport of STAT2, a component of transcription factor ISGF3 responsible for IFNα/β-dependent gene transcription. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that after IFNα stimulation STAT2 binds to ISRE element of PML promoter even in the presence of TSA and thus excluded STAT2-dependent mechanism of TSA effect. These results indicate that the action of histone deacetylases is necessary for the full transcriptional activation of IFNα-stimulated genes.