Vinyl-Divinyl Copolymerization: Copolymerization and Network Formation from Styrene and p- and m-Divinylbenzene

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Abstract
The composition of copolymers of p- and m-divinylbenzene with styrene was determined by infrared spectrometry during copolymerization and compared with values calculated on the assumption that the polymerizing system is homogeneous, and the reactivities both of the vinyl groups in the monomers and of the pendant vinyl groups are independent of the extent of copolymerization. At lower conversions the content of all divinylbenzene units, and especially that of the pendant vinyl groups in the copolymer, is lower than calculated, whereas at higher conversions a fraction of pendant vinyl groups does not react. The conversions at the gel point do not depend on the concentration of divinylbenzene; at higher percentages of the divinyl monomer or dilution of the system they are higher for p- than for m-divinylbenzene, although p-divinylbenzene copolymers contain more divinylbenzene units at the same conversion. The deviations are explained by inhomogeneous copolymerization caused by locally different concentration of the vinyl

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