The synthesis and properties of 1,4‐diketo‐pyrrolo[3,4‐C]pyrroles

Abstract
Syntheses and mechanistic aspects of formation of 1,4‐Diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrroles (DPP) are discussed. The chemical reactivity of this novel class of heterocycles is illustrated by specific electrophilic aromatic and N‐substitution reactions, as well as by nucleophilic transformations of the bicyclic lactam carbonyl group. X‐ray structural analysis of the diphenyl‐DPP molecule reveals significant intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions in the solid state.