Influence of a Total Parenteral Nutrition Enriched with omega-3 Fatty Acids on Leukotriene Synthesis of Peripheral Leukocytes and Systemic Cytokine Levels in Patients with Major Surgery

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Abstract
Nutritive immunomodulation of patients after major surgery. Prospective, randomized controlled double-blind study. Forty patients undergoing major intestinal surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: one received a total parenteral nutrition enriched with omega-3 fatty acids for 5 days postoperatively, the other an isocaloric, control nutrition. We analyzed the leukocyte ability to release leukotrienes from whole blood leukocytes stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 micromol/L) by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and circulating cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Leukocytes from patients of the omega-3 fatty acids group generated significantly higher amounts of less biologically active leukotriene B5 as compared to the control group (p < or = to 0.001). This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the generation of proinflammatory leukotriene B4 (p < or = to 0.006) in the study group. In contrast to interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p < or = to 0.05) were postoperatively decreased in the study group. Our data provide evidence that a total parenteral nutrition enriched with omega-3 fatty acids modulates the lipid mediator pattern and systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.