Enzyme kinetics in reversed micelles

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Abstract
Enoate reductase (EC 1.3.1.31) can stereospecificially reduce a variety of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylates. Its use was extended to apolar media by incorporating the enzyme into a reversed micellar medium. The kinetics of the enzyme in such a medium have been investigated using 2-methylbutenoic acid as substrate and NADH as a cofactor and compared with the reaction rates in aqueous solution. In aqueous solution the enzyme obeys a ping pong mechanism [Buhler et al. (1982) Hoppe-Seyler''s Z. Physiol. Chem 363, 609-625]. In 50 mM Hepes pH = 7.0 with ionic strength of 0.05 M the Michaelis constants for NADH and 2-methylbutenoic acid are 20 .mu.M and 6.0 mM respectively. In reversed micelles the kinetics of the reaction (Michaelis constant, maximum velocity as well as inhibitory effects) were markedly different. The rate of the enzymatic reaction of enoate reductase was studied using various concentrations of 2-methylbutenoic acid and various NADH concentrations. In reversed micelles composed of the anionic detergent sodium di(ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate, the enzymatic reaction deviates substantially from the values in aqueous solution. Using our model (see preceding paper in this issue of the journal), all kinetics could be explained as evolving from enclosure in reversed micelles without any change in the intrinsic rate parameters of the enzyme. So the enzyme itself is unaffected by incorporation in reversed micelles, but the rate of intermicellar exchange as well as the microheterogeneity of the medium, resulting in very high local concentrations of the substrate, are the most important factors altering the reaction pattern. The effect of the composition of the reversed micellar medium was also investigated using either a nonionic or a cationic surfactant. In these solutions too, exchange and microheterogeneity of the medium proved to be the most important parameters influencing the enzymatic reaction. In all reversed micellar solutions inhibition by the enoate was observed at an overall concentration of 0.5 - 5 mM, implying that a concentration of substrate equal to the Km value in aqueous solution may already cause inhibition in reversed micelles. At this level no inhibition by NADH was observed. The microheterogeneity of the medium also explains this inhibition of the enzyme at relatively low 2-methylbutenoic acid concentrations.

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