Establishment of a CCR5-Expressing T-Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Highly Susceptible to R5 HIV Type 1

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Abstract
The β-chemokine receptor CCR5 is considered to be an attractive target for inhibition of CCR5-using (R5 or macrophage-tropic) HIV-1. However, R5 HIV-1 cannot replicate in CD4+ T cell or monocyte lines because of the lack of CCR5 expression on their surface, which apparently hampers discovery and development of effective CCR5 antagonists against HIV-1 replication. In this study, we have established the CCR5-expressing T cell line MOLT-4/CCR5, highly permissive to the replication of R5 HIV-1. The cells express a considerable amount of CCR5 on their surface. When the cells were infected with the R5 HIV-1 strains Ba-L and JR-FL, the virus-induced cytopathic effect (syncytium formation) was observed, and the cells produced large amounts of HIV-1 p24 antigen in the culture supernatants. The analyses of progeny viruses for their coreceptor use and gp120 V3 nucleotide sequence revealed that they were R5 HIV-1. The parental cell line MOLT-4 was much less susceptible to Ba-L and totally insusceptible to JR-FL. Furthermore, MOLT-4/CCR5 cells could support the replication of an R5 clinical isolate, but MOLT-4 cells could not. When TAK-779, a novel smallmolecule nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist, was examined for its inhibitory effect on R5 HIV-1 replication in MOLT-4/CCR5 cells, the compound displayed potent antiviral activity, as demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results indicate that the established cell line will be an extremely useful tool for experiments with R5 HIV-1.