Snail genes at the crossroads of symmetric and asymmetric processes in the developing mesoderm

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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signalling ensures that vertebrate mesoderm segmentation is bilaterally synchronized, and corrects transient interferences from asymmetric left–right (L–R) signals involved in organ lateralization. Snail genes participate in both these processes and, although they are expressed symmetrically in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), Snail1 transcripts are asymmetrically distributed in the L–R lateral mesoderm. We show that the alteration of the symmetric Snail expression in the PSM induces asynchronous somite formation. Furthermore, in the absence of RA signalling, normal asymmetric Snail1 expression in the lateral mesoderm is extended to the PSM, desynchronizing somitogenesis. Thus, Snail1 is the first cue corrected by RA in the PSM to ensure synchronized bilateral segmentation.