The kinetics of hydrolysis of some extended N-aminoacyl-l-arginine methyl esters by porcine pancreatic kallikrein. A comparison with human plasma Kallikrein

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Abstract
The effects of subsite interactions in the S2-S4 region [Schechter & Berger (1967) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 157-162] of porcine pancreatic kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8) on its catalytic efficiency have been investigated. Kinetic constants (Kcat, Km) have been determined for a series of seven extended N-aminoacyl-L-arginine methyl esters whose sequence is based on either the C-terminal sequence of kallidin (-Pro-Phe-Arg) or (-Gly-)nArg. With these substrates it has been found that neither acylation nor deacylation of the enzyme is rate-limiting. Values of Kcat. range from 21.5 to 2320s-1, indicating that there are interactions with different residues in the N-aminoacyl chain and enzyme subsites in the S2-S4 region. It is shown that possible hydrogen-bonded interactions with the enzyme in the S3-S4 region have a significant effect on catalysis. The presence of L-phenylalanine at P2 has a very large effect on both Kcat, and Km, giving a greatly enhanced catalytic efficiency. Substrates with L-proline at P3 also have a marked effect, but in this case the overall effect is one of lowered catalytic efficiency. By comparison with the results of a similar study with human plasma kallikrein I (EC 3.4.21.8), it has been possible to demonstrate that there are considerable differences in kinetic behaviour between the two enzymes. These are related to relative differences in the rates of acylation and deacylation with ester substrates and also the roles of subsites S2 and S3 of the two enzymes.