The Kidney in Hypertension — Villain and Victim

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Abstract
The kidney has a dual role in hypertension. It may cause it, and it may suffer the untoward effects of an elevation in blood pressure. Primary or essential hypertension has been attributed in part to alterations in renal sodium excretion. Secondary hypertension is most commonly attributable to renal disease. Systemic hypertension, whether primary or secondary, may cause renal disease or may accelerate the loss of function in kidneys with established parenchymal disease. Several morphologic changes, collectively termed nephrosclerosis, have been described in the kidneys of patients with primary or essential hypertension.1 The way in which hypertension damages the kidney is . . .

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