Seed Mycoflora of Soybeans Relative to Fungal Interactions, Seedling Emergence, and Carry Over of Pathogens to Subsequent Crops

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Abstract
Quantitative estimates were made of fungi frequently found on soybean (G. max) seed in 175 seed samples of the cultivars ''Amsoy'', ''Corsoy'', ''Wayne'' and ''Hodgson'' grown in lowa [USA] in 1977. The genera studied were Chaetomium, Paecilomyces, Alternaria, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Cercospora and Phomopsis. Significant negative correlations were obtained between the amount of seed infected by Cercospora kikuchii and that infected by Phomopsis, Fusarium or Alternaria, and a significant positive correlation occurred between seed infection by Phomopsis and Fusarium. Phomopsis seed infection was correlated with reduction of seedling emergence in laboratory and field tests. Seed infection by Fusarium was correlated with reduction in laboratory emergence only. No one of the other fungi was associated with reduced laboratory or field emergence. Cultivars did not differ significantly with regard to relationships between fungi on the seed or between seed-borne fungi and seedling emergence. Infection levels for C. kikuchii and Phomopsis on planted seed were not correlated with those on seed harvested from these plants. Statistically significant correlation coefficients obtained in the study ranged from 0.3-0.6.

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