Problems and Prospects in Comparative Studies of Memory

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Abstract
Several approaches to the study of human memory, including ontogenetic, cultural/sociohistorical, and clinical research, are reviewed and synthesized in the broad framework of comparative cognition. Similar trends in the acquisition and control of memory strategies as a function of age, schooling, and cultural experiences reveal the adaptive nature of memory development. The comparative approach illustrates how memory demands of the environment and the individual’s understanding of memory strategies, tasks, and variables interact to promote the development of effective memory skills. Traditional research demonstrations of between-group differences in strategy use or metamemory are criticized as inadequate. Future research on comparative memory development must focus on the flexible and adaptive use of memory skills to meet purposes prescribed by varying contexts.

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