Acute biochemical variations induced by four different calcium salts in healthy male volunteers

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Abstract
Calcium (Ca) supplements have positive effects in growing children, reduce bone loss in late-postmenopausal women with a low calcium diet and, in association with vitamin D3 supplements, may reduce non-vertebral fracture rates in elderly women. However, for many formulated pharmaceutical products their relative beneficial effects have not been conclusively established. We have compared the acute (6 h) metabolic responses following oral administration of two preparations of calcium gluconolactate and carbonate (CG and CG′), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium citrate (CC), given on separate occasions in each of 10 healthy young male volunteers. The subjects fasted overnight for 12 h and continued to fast during the experimental procedure. A 1000 mg dose of each Ca salt was ingested at weekly intervals. Blood was drawn after 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min for measurement of serum Ca, phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and whole plasma calcitonin (iCT). All Ca supplements induced significant (+6.4% to +8.1%;ppp<0.01) more marked Ca increase and PTH suppression with CC than with the other three Ca salts. CG' and CC induced marginal decreases in serum P and the overall curve of P variations was different for TCP compared with CG, CG′ and CC. No significant variation of iCT was recorded during the test. We conclude that all four Ca supplements seem to be absorbed to some extent since they induce significant biochemical variations that may lead to a reduction in bone turnover and that CC induces a significantly larger increase in serum Ca and a significantly greater suppression of serum PTH.