Studies on the mechanisms of invasion in cancer. II. In vivo effects of a factor chemotactic for cancer cells

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Abstract
A substance chemotactic for tumor cells was isolated from some tumor tissues of animal and human origin and highly purified. It induced an extravascular emigration of circulating tumor cells on experimental injection, but no emigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The emigrated tumor cells proliferated in the extravascular tissue and invaded the surrounding tissues, and a metastatic secondary tumor was formed. This material had no activity to increase vascular permeability. Permeability factors, isolated from tumor tissues, histamine and bradykinin were ineffective for tumor‐cell emigration. A factor chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, isolated from inflamed sites, induced an emigration of the cells on experimental injection, but no emigration of tumor cells. These observations suggested that the cancer cell chemotactic factor might be associated with malignant invasion.