Equilibrium Charge-State Distributions of Heavy Ions (1-14 MeV)

Equilibrium charge-state distributions have been determined experimentally for chlorine and bromine ions with energies between 1 and 14 MeV traversing ${\mathrm{H}}_2$, He, ${\mathrm{N}}_2$, ${\mathrm{O}}_2$, Ar, and Kr gases and a carbon foil. In addition, a few measurements have been made using iodine beams traversing various targets—at 3, 10, and 12 MeV through carbon foil, at 8 MeV through C${\mathrm{O}}_2$, at 10 and 12 MeV through gold foil, and at 12 MeV through a Xe gas target.